Sunday, July 7, 2013

Literature Timeline


Date
Literary Period
Authors/Works
800-400 BC
This period was dominated by Homer and other Greek tragedians
The Iliad and The Odyssey by Homer
Oedipus the King by Sophocles
Medea by Euripedes
250 BC - AD 150
Writers of the Roman Empire are most noted in this time period
Famous authors from this period: Virgil, Horace, and Ovid
450-1066
Old English (Anglo-Saxon)Period
Beowulf
The rise of haiku poetry
Tale of Genji by Japanese writer Murasaki Shibiku (written around the year 1000)
1066-1500
Middle English Period
Persian poet Rumi (1207-73)
Petrarch, Italian writer, inventor of the sonnet (1304 -74)
The Divine Comedy by Dante, Italian writer (1307-1321)
The Decameron by Italian writer Boccacio (1313-75)
The Canterbury Tales (1387-1400) by Geoffrey Chaucer, British writer (1343-1400)
1450- Invention of the printing press
1500-1660
The Renaissance
558-1603 Elizabethan Age
1603- 1625  Jacobean Age
1625 - 1649 Caroline Age
1649 - 1669 Commonwealth Period

Francois Rabelais, French writer (1490-1553)
Dr. Faustus by Christopher Marlowe, British writer (1564-93)
William Shakespeare, British poet and playwright (1564-1616)
Ben Johnson, British author (1572-1637)
John Donne, British poet (1572-1631)
The Faerie Queen (1589) by Edmund Spenser, British poet
1599 The Globe Theatre built
Don Quixote (1605-1615) by Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish writer
Andrew Marvel, British poet (1621-78)
Henry Vaughan, British poet (1621-95)
Paradise Lost (1667) by John Milton, British author (1608-74)
1660-1785
The Neoclassical Period
1660-1700 The Restoration
1700-1745 The Augustan Age (Age of Pope)
1650-1750 Puritan/Colonial Literature (America)
Tartuffe (1664) by French writer Moliere (1622-73)
Alexander Pope (1688-1744), British poet
Robinson Crusoe (1719) and Moll Flanders (1722) by Daniel Defoe, English writer (1660-1731)
Gulliver's Travels (1726) by Jonathan Swift, English writer (1667-1745)
Candide (1759) by French writer Voltaire (1694-1778)
Samuel Johnson, English writer (1709-84)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, French writer and philosopher (1712-78)
Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God (1741) by American Jonathan Edwards
he Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole (first gothic novel)
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), German writer
1750-1800
The Age of Reason (America)
Thomas Jefferson, Thomas Paine, and Patrick Henry, American Revolution authors
Poems on Various Subjects (1773) by Phyllis Wheatley, African-American poet (1753-1784)
Common Sense (1776) by Thomas Paine
1785-1830
The Romantic Period
--The Gothic Period (approx. 1785-1820,  though it lasted longer in America)
William Blake, English poet (1757-1827)
William Wordsworth, English poet (1770-1850)
"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, English poet (1772-1834)
Jane Austen, English author (1775-1817)
Lord Byron, English poet (1788-1824)
Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (1792-1822)
John Keats, English poet (1795-1821)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, English poet, (1809-92)
Frankenstein (1818) by Mary Shelley, British writer (1797-1851)
The Last of the Mohicans (1826) by James Fenimore Cooper, American novelist (1789-1851)
1832-1901
The Victorian Period
1848-1860 The Pre-Raphaelites
1840-1860 Transcendentalism (America)
1865-1900 Age of Realism (America)

Edgar Allan Poe, American writer influenced by Gothic movement    (1809-49)
Robert Browning, English poet (1812-89)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (1806-61)
Charles Dickens, British author (1812-1870)
Emily Dickinson, American writer (1830-1886)
Henry James, American writer (1843-1916)
Transcendentalist writers Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Bronson Alcott, Margaret Fuller
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845) by Frederick Douglass (1818-1895)
Jane Eyre (1847) by Charlotte Bronte, British writer (1816-55)
Wuthering Heights (1848) by Emily Bronte, British writer (1818-48)
The Scarlet Letter (1850) by Nathaniel Hawthorne, American writer
Moby Dick (1851) by Herman Melville, American writer
Walden (1854) by Henry David Thoreau, American essayist
Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl (1861) by Harriet Jacobs (1813-1897)
Les Miserables (1862) by Victor Hugo, French writer
Vanity Fair (1848) by William Makepeace Thackeray, English novelist
Madame Bovary (1857) by Gustave Flaubert, French writer
Little Women (1868) by Louisa May Alcott, American author
Middlemarch (1872) by George Eliot (a.k.a. Marian Evans), British writer
Paul Lawrence Dunbar, American poet (1872-1906)
A Doll's House (1879) by Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian dramatist (1828-1906)
Huckleberry Finn (1885) by American writer Mark Twain (a.k.a. Samuel Clemens, 1835-1910)

The Red Badge of Courage (1895) by Stephen Crane, American author (1871-1900)
The Awakening (1899) by Kate Chopin, American writer
The Yellow Wallpaper (1899) by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American writer
Leaves of Grass (1900) by Walt Whitman, American poet
1901-1914
The Edwardian Period (Europe)
Naturalism (America)
Heart of Darkness (1902) by Joseph Conrad, Polish/British author (1857-1924)
The Souls of Black Folk (1903) by W.E.B. Dubois, American writer
The Call of the Wild (1903) by Jack London, American writer, (1876-1916)
Ethan Frome (1911) by Edith Wharton, American writer (1862-1937)
1914-1945
The Modern Period
"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" (1915) by T.S. Eliot, American writer
Robert Frost, American poet (1874-1963)
Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (1892-1950)
My Antonia (1918) by Willa Cather, American writer (1873-1947)
Winesburg, Ohio (1919) by Sherwood Anderson, American writer
The Great Gatsby (1925) by F. Scott Fitzgerald, American writer (1896-1940)
The Sun Also Rises (1926) by Ernest Hemingway, American writer (1899-1961)
As I Lay Dying (1930) by William Faulkner, American writer (1897-1962)
Of Mice and Men (1937) by John Steinbeck, American writer (1902-1968)
Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) by Zora Neale Hurston, American writer (1891-1960)
Langston Hughes, American poet (1906-67)
The Glass Menagerie (1945) by Tennessee Williams, American playwright (1911-1983)
Animal Farm (1945) by George Orwell, British writer (1903-1950)
The Stranger (1946) by Albert Camus, French writer (1913-1960)
1950 -
Post Modernism
The Catcher in the Rye (1951) by J.D.Salinger, American writer (1919)
Invisible Man (1952) by Ralph Ellison, American writer (1914-1994)
The Crucible (1953) by Arthur Miller, American playwright (1915-)
Fahrenheit 451 (1953) by Ray Bradbury, American author (1920-)
Lord of the Flies (1954) by William Golding, British author (1911-1993)
Long Day's Journey Into Night (1956) by Eugene O'Neill, American playwright (1888-1953)
On the Road (1957) by Jack Kerouac, American writer (1922-69)
Night (1958) by Elie Wiesel, Romanian-American (1928-)
Catch 22 (1961) by Joseph Heller, American writer  (1923-)
A Separate Peace (1962) by John Knowles, American writer (1926-)
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962) by Ken Kesey, American author (1935-2001)
The Bell Jar (1963) by Sylvia Plath


Biography of English Poets


1.       Geoffrey Chaucer 
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1342-1400
Family - Father was John Chaucer a wine merchant
Married Phillipa de Roet
Education - St Pauls Almonary
Career - Poet and Translator
Famous Work-The Canterbury Tales 

2.       Sir Philip Sydney 
Nationality - English - Lifespan - 1554 - 1586
Family – Father was Henry Sidney, a courtier and his Godfather was Philip II of Spain
Education – Shrewsbury school and Christ Church college, Oxford
Career - Poet, courtier and diplomat
Famous Works of Sir Philip Sydney – Old Arcadia and the poem ‘Sleep’

3.      Christopher Marlowe
Nationality - British   
Lifespan - 1564-1593
Father - a shoemaker
Educated - Corpus Christi College Cambridge
Career - Poet, Translator and dramatist
Famous book / play : Dr Faustus and Tamburlaine the Great and perhaps many others? See below the Mystery surrounding Marlowe & Shakespeare

4.       William Shakespeare - Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1564 - 1616 (See below for the mystery surrounding Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe - the 'Shakespeare Identity Problem')
Father - John Shakespeare, Merchant and Bailiff and Justice of the Peace Stratford-upon-Avon
Educated - Grammar School (Kings New School)
Career - Poet, playwright, dramatist and actor - First Published – 1593


5.       John Donne
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1572-1631
Family - Father was Robert Donne an ironmonger
Education - Oxford and Cambridge
Career - Poet, essayist, attorney, and minister

6.       John Milton
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1608-1674
Father - John Milton, scrivener, notary and composer
Educated - Christs College Cambridge
Career - Poet, Playwright, Diplomat and Historian

7.       Samuel Butler 
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1612 - 1680
Family - Father was a farmer
Education - Grammar School and perhaps Oxford or Cambridge University
Career - Poet and Satirist
First Published in 1663

8.       John Dryden
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1631 - 1700
Family - Father was John Dryden a minister
Education - Westminster School and Trinity College Cambridge
Career - Poet and Royal Historiographer

9.       Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, 
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1661- 1720
Family - Father was Sir William Kingsmill
Education - Tutored at home
Career - Poet and Maid of Honor in the Stuart Court
10.    Alexander Pope
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1688-1744
Father - Linen merchant
Educated - Tutored at home
Career - Poet critic, satirist and author
First Published – 1712

11.    Thomas Gray 
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1716-1771
Family - Son of Exchange Broker and Milliner
Education - Eton College
Career - Poet, Scholar
12.    William Cowper
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1731 - 1800
Family - Father was Reverand John Cowper
Education - Boarding school then Middle Temple to study Law
Career - Poet and Solicitor
13.    William Blake
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1757-1827
Family - Father was James Blake a merchant. Married Catherine Boucher
Education - Educated by mother at home
Career - Poet, printer, illustrator and engraver
First Published in 1783

14.    William Wordsworth
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1770 - 1850
Father - John Wordsworth, lawyer
Educated - Hawkeshead Grammar School and St John’s College Cambridge
Career - Poet and author
First Published – 1798

15.    Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1772 - 1834
Family - Father was John Coleridge, a vicar and Schoolmaster
Education - Cambridge 
Career - Poet, critic and philosopher
Famous work - Rime of the Ancient Mariner

16.    Lord George Gordon Noel Byron (6th Baron)
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1788 - 1824
Family - Father was John Byron (descendant of Scottish Nobility)
Education - Harrow and Cambridge University
Career - Poet, playwright, and satirist
Lord Byron - First Published in 1816

17.    Percy Bysshe Shelley
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1792 - 1822
Father - Timothy Shelley, Member of Parliament
Educated - Eton College and Oxford
Career - Poet and novelist
First Published – 1810

18.    John Keats
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1795 - 1821
Father - Thomas Keats died in accident in 1804
Education - School in Enfield and St Guys Hospital, London
Career - Poet and apothecary

19.    Thomas Hood 
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1799 - 1845
Father - Novelist and Bookseller
Education - Public School
Career - Poet and Editor

20.    Alfred Lord Tennyson 
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1809 - 1892
Father - Reverand George Clayton Tennyson, Clergyman
Educated - Trinity College , Cambridge
Career - Poet and dramatist
First Published – 1828

21.    Robert Browning
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1812 - 1889
Family - Father was Robert Browning ran a sugar plantation and then a Clerk at the Bank of England
Married Elizabeth Barratt in 1846
Education - Peckham School and University of London
Career - Poet
First Published in 1833

22.    Charlotte Bronte
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1816 - 1857
Family - Parents Patrick and Maria Bronte
Education - Tutored at home and Haworth parsonage
Career - Poet, governess and novelist
Famous Work by Charlotte Bronte - Jane Eyre

23.    Emily Jane Bronte
Nationality - English
Lifespan 1818 - 1848
Family - Father was Reverend Patrick Bronte
Education - Roe Head English Boarding School
Career - Poet and school teacher
Famous book by Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights

24.    Anne Bronte
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1820 - 1849
Family - Parents Patrick and Maria Bronte
Education - Tutored at home and Haworth parsonage
Career - Poet and novelist
Famous Works by Anne Bronte - The Tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848)

25.    Matthew Arnold
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1822 - 1888
Family - Father was Thomas Arnold a Headmaster of Rugby School
Education - Rugby and Oxford University
Career - Poet, teacher and critic
First Published in 1849

26.    Christina Georgina Rossetti
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1830-1894
Family - Father was the poet Gabriele Rossetti
Education - Tutored at home
Career – Poet - Pseudonym Ellen Alleyne 
Famous Works – A Birthday

27.    Charles Dickens
Nationality - English - Lifespan  1832 - 1888
Family - Father was Charles Dickens a naval clerk 
Education - Wellington House Academy, London
Career - Poet, novelist, and journalist 
Famous works by Charles Dickens: Oliver Twist, Hard Times, The Pickwick Papers, David Copperfield, Tale of Two Cities & A Christmas Carol

28.    Lewis Carroll (Pseudonym) Charles Lutwich Dodgson
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1832 - 1898
Family - Father was Charles Dodgson, Archdeacon of Richmond Cathedral
Education - Rugby and Oxford
Career - Poet, mathematician, lecturer and lay -preacher (he was ordained)

29.    Thomas Hardy
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1840 - 1928
Father - Stonemason
Education - Local School and apprenticed to an architect
Career - Poet, novelist, literary scholar, and architect

30.    Oscar Wilde
Nationality - Irish
Lifespan - 1854 - 1900
Father - Sir William Wilde, surgeon
Educated - Trinity College, Dublin and Magdalen College, Oxford
Career - Poet, author and dramatist
First Published – 1887

31.    Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Nationality - British
Lifespan - 1859- 1930
Family - Father was Charles a civil servant
Education - Edinburgh University
Career - Poet, novelist, and editor
Famous works - Sherlock Holmes and The Hound of the Baskervilles

32.    Alfred Edward Housman 
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1859 - 1936
Father - Merchant
Education - Bromsgrove School and St. Johns College, Oxford
Career - Poet and Professor of Latin at Cambridge University

33.    Joseph Rudyard Kipling
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1865 - 1936
Father - John Lockwood Kipling, principal of the School of Art in Lahore
Education - United Services College, England
Career - Poet , novelist
Famous books by Rudyard Kipling: The Jungle Book, Kim

34.    Gilbert Keith Chesterton
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1874 - 1936
Family - Father was Edward Chesterton an Auctioneer
Education - University College
Career - Poet and Journalist - First Published in 1896
35.    John Edward Masefield 
Nationality - English
Lifespan - 1878 - 1967
Father - a solicitor
Educated - Warwick School, England
Career - Poet Playwright, Journalist and Vagabond

36.    David Herbert Lawrence
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1883 - 1930
Father - Arthur Lawrence a miner
Education - Nottingham University College, England
Career - Poet , novelist - First Published - 1909
Famous books : Lady Chatterleys Lover, Sons and Lovers

37.    T. S. Eliot (Thomas Stearns Eliot)
Nationality - English American
Lifespan - 1888-1965
Pseudonyms - Charles Augustus Conybeare, Reverend Charles James Grimble, Gus Krutzch, Muriel A. Schwartz, and Helen B. Trundlett 
Education - Harvard, Sorbonne and Oxford University
Career - Poet, playwright, critic, banker, educator, and editor

38.    Aldous Huxley
Nationality - British
Lifespan - 1894-1963
Education - Eton and Oxford University
Career - Poet and novelist
First Published in 1920
Most Famous work - Brave New World (1932)

39.    Robert Graves
Nationality - English 
Lifespan - 1895 - 1985
Father - Alfred Perceval Graves a Gaelic scholar and Irish poet
Education - St John’s College Oxford
Career - Poet, novelist, literary scholar, military and translator
Famous for the book I Claudius